The New Solar System What We Know So Far

Remember back in grade school when you learned the planets of our solar system? The hint many people used was My Very Excellent Mom Just Served us Nine Pizzas, for Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Today, we say My Very Excellent Mom Just Served Us Nachos because some astronomers argue that Pluto isnt a planet. (Thats an ongoing debate, even though the exploration of Pluto shows us that its really a fascinating world!) Finding New Worlds to Explore The scramble to find a new planet mnemonic is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to learning and understanding what makes up our solar system. In the old days, prior to spacecraft exploration and high-resolution cameras on both space-based observatories  (such as Hubble Space Telescope)  and  ground-based telescopes, the solar system was considered to be the Sun, planets, moons, comets, asteroids, and a set of rings around Saturn.   Today, we live in a new solar system we can explore through gorgeous images.  New refers to the new types of objects we know about after more than half a century of exploration, as well as to new ways of thinking about existing objects. Take Pluto. In 2006, it was ruled a dwarf planet because it didnt fit the definition of a plane: a world that  orbits the Sun, is rounded by self-gravity, and has swept its orbit free of major debris. Pluto has not done that final thing, although it does have its own orbit around the Sun and it is rounded by self-gravity. It is now called a dwarf planet, a special category of planet and was the first such world to be visited by the New Horizons mission in 2015. So, in a sense, it IS a planet.   Exploration Continues The solar system today has other surprises for us, on worlds we thought we already knew pretty well.  Take Mercury, for example. It is the smallest planet, orbits close to the Sun, and has very little in the way of atmosphere. The MESSENGER spacecraft sent back amazing images of the planets surface, showing evidence of extensive volcanic activity, and possibly the existence of ice in the shaded polar regions, where sunlight doesnt ever reach this planets very dark surface. Venus has always been known as a hellish place because of its heavy carbon dioxide atmosphere, extreme pressures, and high temperatures. The Magellan mission was the first to show us the extensive volcanic activity that still goes on there today, spewing lava across the surface and charging the atmosphere with sulfuric gas that rains back down on the surface as acid rain.   Earth is a place youd think we know pretty well, since we live on it. However, continual spacecraft studies of our planet reveals constant changes in our atmosphere, climate, seas, landforms, and vegetation. Without these space-based eyes in the sky, our knowledge of our home would be as limited as it was prior to the beginning of the Space Age.   We have explored Mars nearly continually with spacecraft since the 1960s. Today, there are working rovers on its surface and orbiters circling the planet, with more on the way. The study of Mars is a search for the existence of water, past and present. Today we know that Mars has water, and it had it in the past. How much water there is, and where it is, remain as puzzles to be solved by our spacecraft and upcoming generations of human explorers who will first set foot on the planet sometime in the next decade.The biggest question of all is: Did or does Mars have life? That, too, will be answered in the coming decades. The Outer Solar System Continues to Fascinate Asteroids are becoming more and more important in our understanding of how the solar system formed. This is because the rocky planets (at least) formed in collisions of planetesimals back in the early solar system. Asteroids are the remnants of that time. The study of their chemical compositions and orbits (among other things) tell planetary scientists a great deal about conditions during those long-ago periods of solar system history.   Today, we know of many different families of asteroids. They orbit the Sun at many different distances. Specific groups of them orbit so close to Earth that they pose a threat to our planet. These are potentially hazardous asteroids, and are the focus of intense observation campaigns to give us early warning of any that come too close. The asteroids surprise us in other ways: some have moons of their own, and at least one asteroid, named Chariklo, has rings. The outer solar system planets are worlds of gas and ices, and they have been a continual source of news since the Pioneer 10 and 11 and Voyager 1 and 2  missions flew past them in the 1970s and 1980s. Jupiter was discovered to have a ring, its largest moons each have different personalities, with volcanism, subsurface oceans, and the possibility of life-friendly environments on at least two of them. Jupiter is currently being explored by the Juno spacecraft, which will give a long-term look at this gas giant. Saturn has always been known for its rings, which puts it at the top of any sky gazing list. Now, we know of special features in its atmosphere, subsurface oceans on some of its moons, and a fascinating moon called Titan with a mix of carbon-based compounds on its surface. ; Uranus and Neptune are the so-called ice giant worlds because of the ice particles made of water and other compounds in their upper atmospheres. These worlds each have rings, as well as unusual moons.   The Kuiper Belt The outer solar system, where Pluto resides, is the new frontier for exploration. Astronomers have been finding other worlds out there, in regions such as the  Kuiper Belt  and the Inner  Oort Cloud. Many of those worlds, such as Eris, Haumea, Makemake, and Sedna, have been deemed dwarf planets as well. In 2014, a tiny planetesimal called 2014 MU69 and nicknamed Ultima Thule was discovered. The New Horizons spacecraft explored it on January 1, 2019, in a quick flyby. In 2016, another possible new world was found out there  beyond  the orbit of Neptune, and there could be  many  more waiting to be discovered. Their existence will tell planetary scientists a lot about conditions in that part of the solar system and give clues to how they formed some 4.5 billion years ago when the solar system was very young. The Last Unexplored Outpost The most distant region of the solar system is home to swarms of comets that orbit in icy darkness. They all come from the Oort Cloud, which is a shell of frozen comet nuclei that extends out about 25% of the way to the nearest star. Nearly all the comets which ultimately visit the inner solar system come from this region. As they sweep close to Earth, astronomers eagerly study their tail structures, and dust and ice particles for clues to how these objects formed in the early solar system. As an added bonus, comets AND asteroids, leave behind trails of dust (called meteoroid streams) rich in primordial material that we can study. Earth regularly travels through these streams, and when it does, we are often rewarded with glittery  meteor showers.   The information here just scratches the surface of what weve learned about our place in space over the past few decades. There remains much to be discovered, and even though our solar system itself is more than 4.5 billion years old, it continues to evolve. So, in a very real sense, we really do live in a new solar system. Each time we explore and discover another unusual object, our place in space gets even more interesting than it is now. Stay tuned!

There Are A Lot Of Different People Within The Education

There are a lot of different people within the education field, and with the different people comes differences in opinions. While there are a lot of opinions I agree with, there are also some that I do not. Two people’s opinions who I definitely do not agree with are Trump and his Secretary of Education, Betsy Devos. Her views are harmful to schools, educators, and students. I disagree with most, if not all, of what she says but especially her views such as privatization and school choice, putting Christianity back in schools and giving states more, power in deciding education. If you look at Devos’ past history in Michigan, you can see that she is all for privatization. She herself went to a private Christian school and so did her†¦show more content†¦I believe that with the privatization of schools, education will decline. Along with privatization of schools, Devos also believes that putting Christianity back in schools is the way to go. In an interview in 2 001, Devos states that â€Å"Our desire is to be in that Shephelah, and to confront the culture in which we all live today in ways that will continue to help advance God’s Kingdom, but not to stay in our own faith territory,† (Wermund, 2016). I think that if a parent and student both desire to go to a private Christian school that is their own choice that I support. I do not think that a child should be forced to go to a school that centers its education around a religion that goes against their beliefs. In the constitution it states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion† (U.S. Constitution). This means that the government cannot establish a nation religion. Since public schools are a government institution that means that they cannot be centered around one religion. Devos wanting to fund charter schools more means that a lot of the charter and private schools will be Christian schools. This is inconvenient for children of other faiths that will either have to go to an underfunded public school or travel farther away from home. One of the reasons the first amendment was created was to establish religious freedom, and Devos wanted to put Christianity in schools goes against that.Show MoreRelatedOnline Education Vs Traditional Education1390 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Education Vs Traditional Education In the present world, there are a lot of options for a student to choose for his education. Each and every student learning technique are different and learn differently and in today’s world of increasing technology, the question will be whether to offer classes or take up classes online, but rather how to implement them effectively and efficiently. 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Tulip said, â€Å"United States colleges and universities offer more choice, their graduates receive greater wage premiums, and they attract more than twice as many foreign students as any other country.† Actually, people can see a large difference in wages between people who go to colleges and people who do not go to colleges. People still go to colleges even if many students need to finance their education. WithinRead MoreSocial Class Consist Of Three Components , Such As Property,938 Words   |  4 Pagessomeone s net worth, and income is a prime example of the flow money. Income can come from about just anything around the world business, rent, interest, and royalties comes from the category of income. Some people have much wealth and little income. An example of this is a farmer that owns a lot of land, but when bad weather comes can cause the income to dry up. After reading about consuming a large income, and no wealth, I have come across an example for this description. Tom is a football player

Gauguin Biography Essay Example For Students

Gauguin Biography Essay Gauguin was born in Paris on June 7, 1848, into a liberal middle-class family. After an adventurous early life, including a four-year stay in Peru with his family and a stint in the French merchant marine, he became a successful Parisian stockbroker, settling into a comfortable bourgeois existence with his wife and five children. In 1874, after meeting the artist Camille Pissarro and viewing the first Impressionist exhibition, he became a collector and amateur painter. He exhibited with the Impressionists in 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, and 1886. In 1883 he gave up his secure existence to devote himself to painting; his wife and children, without adequate subsistence, were forced to return to her family. From 1886 to 1891 Gauguin lived mainly in rural Brittany except for a trip to Panama and Martinique from 1887 to 1888, where he was the centre of a small group of experimental painters known as the School of Pont-Aven. Under the influence of the painter ÃÆ'†°mile Bernard, Gauguin turned away from Impressionism and adopted a less naturalistic style, which he called Synthetism. He found his inspiration in the art of indigenous peoples, in medieval stained glass, and in Japanese prints; he was introduced to Japanese prints by Vincent van Gogh when they spent two months together in Arles, in the South of France, in 1888. Gauguins new style was characterized by the use of large flat areas of non-naturalistic colour, as in The Yellow Christ 1889, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York State. In 1891, ruined and in debt, Gauguin sailed for the South Seas to escape European civilization and everything that is artificial and conventional. Except for one visit to France from 1893 to 1895, he remained in the Tropics for the rest of his life, first in Tahiti and later in the Marquesas Islands. The essential characteristics of his style changed little in the South Seas; he retained the qualities of expressive colour, denial of perspective, and thick, flat forms. Under the influence of the tropical setting and culture of Polynesia, however, Gauguins paintings became more powerful, while his subject-matter became more distinctive, the scale of his paintings larger, and his compositions more simplified. His subjects ranged from scenes of ordinary life, such as Tahitian Women, or On the Beach 1891, MusÃÆ' ©e dOrsay, Paris, to brooding scenes of superstitious dread, such as Spirit of the Dead Watching 1892, Albright-Knox Art Gallery. His masterpiece was the monumental allegory Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? 1897, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, which he painted shortly before his failed suicide attempt. A modest stipend from a Parisian art dealer sustained him until his death at Atuana Hiva-Oa, in the Marquesas Islands, on May 8, 1903. Gauguins bold experiments in coloring led directly to Fauvism. His strong modeling influenced the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch and the later Expressionist school

Nestle Australia Limited Information System Analysis samples for Stude

Question: Discuss Nestle Australia Limited Information System Analysis? Answer: Introducation: Nestle is a food and beverage company headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. It is actually one of the largest food and drink producing companies in the world. It was formed in the early years between 1866 and 1900 after which it grew and developed to be an international company. The company on different parts of the world with a large number of branches in almost every part of the world. With this fact in mind, Nestle Australia is one of the main and largest branches of the company that deals with the consumers in Australia (Mitra et al, 2014). The Nestle Company specializes mainly in the production of various brands of foods and drinks which may include the following: baby food, coffee, dairy products, bottled water, nutritional cereals, pet foods to name just but a few. Therefore, means that most of the companys branches will also focus on production and distribution of those same products. Nestle Australia one of the largest food and beverage producing companies in Australia being ranked at position 179 in the country. It was established around the year 1908 and has been operational to date. The company has focused on the manufacture of products like processed milk, coffee (e.g. instant coffee and other drinks), baby foods, nutritional snacks, chocolate and sugar confectionary, pet foods, culinary products, among others (Stuckler et al, 2012). In addition to that, the company has a large number of product brands which include the following: Nescafe, Kitkat, Nespresso, Maggi and milo, butter menthol, cerelac to name a few of them. Additionally, the head offices of Nestle Australia Limited are located in Rhodes Australia which is the center of all the business operations. To be able to meet the consumer needs and demand, the company has established a number of factories, distribution centers and office branches in Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands. Basically , it is clear that Nestle Australia Limited operated under the Nestle Company in Switzerland. Being one of the best companies, then it is clearly a business that utilizes the modern accounting systems to carry out its operations and that the reason why its the best company to use for this assignment. Literature Review Current Organizational Structure A businesss organizational structure are the internal rules and regulations, laws and policies that govern and indicate how business operations are to be carried out and by who. Basically it shows what is to be done, by who and at what time the activities should be done. The organizational structure of Nestle Australia is a simple that enables the companys management and running to be easy and possible. The company is a publicly owned company with a large number of branches in most parts of the country. Apparently, the number of branches is around 406, 250,000 shareholders and is still capable growing and attracting more investors. Nestle Australia Ltd has a large number of product brands which are manufactured in the companys factories and distributed to the consumers accordingly. The company has always earned a large revenue over the years from the sale of those products which is one of the reasons as to why it is still in the market and able to operate. In addition to that, it has always met the consumers needs and market demand level through the help of its factories that are located in different parts of the country. The company has employed a good number of trained, skilled and experienced employees who enable the running of the business operations on a daily basis. Without forgetting the management team, the Nestle limited is managed by a group of board of directors who carry out the responsibility and duty of directing, organizing, planning and controlling the business operations in the company. The business has been able to succeed with this kind of organization structure with the help of the joint venture that it has created with many other companies in the world; which include: Dairy Partners like Fonterra, Cereal Partners like General Mills, Beverage Partners like Coca Cola Company to name a few of them. With this in mind, its is obvious that the business has a very developed accounting system to help it manage all these organizational structure operations. In other words, the accounting information systems help the business come up with effective policies and principles (especially to gov ern the finance sector), that help both the management and the employees to carry out the operations. Operational Problems Resulting from the Structure Every organizational structure always has some challenges that come in handy. However, it is vital for a business to device ways of solving those solutions with as much ease as possible (Amrollahi et al, 2014). The following are some of the challenges that Nestle Australia likely faces with its organizational structure: Challenges in demand prediction Nestle Australia operates in very many towns in Australia. Also, because it a very well-known company that operates under the popular and famous Nestle Switzerland, it certainly has a large and wide range of market share. With the production of different brands of products, it has a very wide market segmentation. With this fact, it has cover all of these factors in its operations which becomes an immensely difficult job especially since it is supposed to know the change way earlier or before. However, with the presence of the accounting information systems in place, the business will be in a position to predict future market demand as well as analyze the market. This will certainly help it to have a clear understanding of the market structure and therefore be able to meet the demand. Challenges in meeting the market demand It is difficult for an organization to meet the exact consumer demand level or quality especially for a food and beverage business. For the case of nestle Australia, with the fact that it has very large and wide market share and segment, it is sometimes difficult for it to meet the market demand. However, this is especially when the raw materials seem to cost more or are not easily available which means they are lacking. This fact interferes with the production levels which affects the quantity and quality of products produced hence low sales and then no profit. This affects the operational schedules of the business in general and therefore its success levels. Lack of support from the joint ventures Nestle Australia has created some joint ventures with some other industries and business to be able to support its business operations. This means that some of its operations highly depend on those other industries and the companies that work directly with Nestle. Therefore, in that case, the company can be faced with challenges in case its partners do not give the expected support towards nestle. For instance, Nestle uses Coca Cola Company to market its ready to drink teas and coffees like Nestea. Therefore, it becomes a challenge for nestle in case Coca Cola does not offer that support. Nestle Australia Limited and ERP System Acquisition Just as mentioned earlier, Nestle Australia operates under the Nestle Company S.A. The company decided to acquire and install the ERP system software to be able to manage and control its business operations effectively and efficiently. Therefore, this caused a change for Nestle Australia as well because it had to keep with the pace of the whole companys objectives and goals. Therefore, the ERP system is the best system for Nestle. It is currently using it as the new software system under the management of SAP. This system has brought a lot of benefits to the companys business operations (Galliers et al, 2014). It is currently able to harmonize all the productions, distributions, supply chain operations and the data standards of all the products and brands with the help of the ERP system. This systems has basically played an important role in making its business operations in whole of Australia effective and efficient. Therefore, this brings out the point that the best acquisition met hod is the ERP system. Also, it becomes clear that the company has also been using the accounting systems to conduct its operations in different departments. Nestle Australias Sales Flowchart System Control Problems in the Sales Flowchart System A sales flowchart system shows the procedure that are undertaken to complete a product sale or service offer. However, even though the sales process may seem simple and direct, it has some challenges that may lead to lack of completion. These include the following: Lack of perfect order description Some businesses use online selling which means that the customer must look at the product or service features and then order the item. However, some customers may overlook some characteristics which may lead them into making the wrong order, therefore, when the order is received and delivered to the customers, they may not go through with payment (Salleh et al, 2015). This is a challenge that a business like Nestle may face and therefore it ends up not getting the payment hence no profits and the sale system fails. Technical errors The system flow charts depend on technology and technological machines e.g. the internet, computers and business internal systems. Also, these kind of materials requires technical support like electricity, expertise, skills and manpower which helps them to run and function accordingly. Therefore, if the expected technical support is not available, then the sale system will not be completed and hence no business profits. TASK 2 Development and Adoption of Accounting Software Packages It is obviously clear that Nestle Australia is highly developed in terms of technology usage. The company certainly uses highly rated technology and materials in its product production. In addition to that, for its accounting operations the business has adopted the usage of the most updates systems and accounting software to manage its financial operations. However, the company has not only used the systems to manage its financial operations but also its supply chain, distribution, marketing and advertising operations as well (Lunkes et al, 2015). The business has used these packages to manage the revenues earned to increase and improve its production, expansion and growth and development rate and plans which is pretty good for it. It has basically adopted the systems especially in its accounting departments amongst other department to manage their operations. Current Market Size for Nestle Australia Limited Nestle Australia is listed as one of the largest companies specializing in food and beverage in Australia. Its operations spread to some of the large towns like New Zealand and Rhodes where it has grown at a high rate and developed its business activities. The company has a large number of product brands which are preferred by a good number of consumers I the country. The fact that it produces that large number and variety of product brands, it means that the number of consumers is large and the variety is wide as well. This means that the company has a very wide and large market share and segment in the food and beverage industry. In addition to that, the company also operates under the well-known, popular and famous Nestle Company, SA. This gives it more credit when it comes to the quality as well as the price of its products and services offered. I can say that, the business has been using its accounting information systems to control and manage its market share and thats why it h as kept its large market till now. It has been able to know and predict the market demand and make sales using the accounting information systems. Leaders in the Food and Beverage Market and their Competitive Advantage Every business has a competitor in its business industry which helps it work harder towards being better and producing the best product or service for its consumers. As for Nestle Australia Limited, its competitors in the food and beverage industry include the following companies: Coca Cola Amatil, JBS Australia, George Weston Foods Inghams Enterprises to name just but a few. All of these businesses specialize in the production of food and drinks that are very highly rated in termed of quality and prices. This is the case for Nestle Australia as well which gives all a chance to compete for the market. The companies have a competitive advantage over Nestle with the fact that their business operations are less involved with illegalities like that of Nestle. Nestle SA, is known for its famous child abuse because of dealing with baby food and therefore that attribute affects Nestle Australia as well. In addition to that, these companies have quite a larger market share than that of Nestl e Australia and therefore increases their competitive advantage factor against Nestle. Challenges Faced by Accounting Software Users in Nestle Australia Lack of experience For the users to be able to operate the accounting software of a business, they must have the skills, expertise and experience needed to operate them (Hovelja et al, 2015). Therefore, if the Accountants of Nestle Australia software do not have the required qualification there are high chances of not being able to deal with the packages. Technical challenges like electricity and enough manpower to support the software operations Recommendations Nestle Australia Limited should ensure that all its employees have the requires skills and knowledge to operate the software; especially those that use the systems in their daily activities Also, Nestle should ensure that all the required support is available including the manpower, computers, systems, internet and electricity to enable the effectiveness of the packages. References Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Amrollahi, A., Ghapanchi, A.H. and Talaei-Khoei, A., 2014. Three decades of research on strategic information system plan development.Communications of the Association for Information Systems,34(1), p.84. Missimer, M., Robrt, K.H. and Broman, G., 2017. A strategic approach to social sustainabilityPart 1: exploring the social system.Journal of Cleaner Production,140, pp.32-41. Lunkes, R.J., Fey, V.A., de Oliveira, P.D.T.R., Campelo, L.M., Sellera, P.E.G. and Curvo, N., 2015. Development of an information system at the Strategic Management Support Office of the Brazilian Ministry of Health.Revista Cubana de Informacin en Ciencias de la Salud,27(2). Salleh, S.M., Kassim, E.S., Sari, N.A.M. and Yunus, N.A.M., 2015. Conceptualizing User Bonding on Strategic Information System Development Success.Advanced Science Letters,21(6), pp.2024-2027. Shapiro, C. and Varian, H.R., 2013.Information rules: a strategic guide to the network economy. Harvard Business Press. Born, S., Nurhadi, L., Ny, H., Robrt, K.H., Broman, G. and Trygg, L., 2017. A strategic approach to sustainable transport system developmentPart 2: the case of a vision for electric vehicle systems in southeast Sweden.Journal of Cleaner Production,140, pp.62-71. Cassidy, A., 2016.A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. CRC press. Hovelja, T., Vasilecas, O. and Vavpoti?, D., 2015. Exploring the influences of the use of elements comprising information system development methodologies on strategic business goals.Technological and Economic Development of Economy,21(6), pp.885-898. Alwan, Z., Jones, P. and Holgate, P., 2017. Strategic sustainable development in the UK construction industry, through the framework for strategic sustainable development, using Building Information Modelling.Journal of Cleaner Production,140, pp.349-358. Mitra, A. and Neale, P., 2014. Visions of a pole position: Developing inimitable resource capacity through enterprise systems implementation in Nestl.Strategic Change,23(3-4), pp.225-235. Stuckler, D. and Nestle, M., 2012. Big food, food systems, and global health.PLoS Med,9(6), p.e1001242.

Childs Corporal Punishment Christian vs. Secular Discipline

Introduction There is a common saying that injustice anywhere is a great threat to justice everywhere. Corporal punishment is banned by various institutions, including the mental institutions and in military as well as in prisons. However, corporal punishment is also a very common practice in most schools across the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Child’s Corporal Punishment: Christian vs. Secular Discipline specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Corporal punishment has been defined differently by various organizations but in this paper, corporal punishment is defined as the intentional infliction of pain on a child’s body as a method of rectifying an offense. It is a form of practice, which is heavily embedded on our culture and prevails in most of the homes and in the schools. Most of the parents justify this practice using religion and the traditional old saying â€Å"spare the rod spo il the child† (The Bible, 1984, p. 449). Children are punished for a wide range of indiscipline (Cloud Townsend, 2001). Obviously, teachers, parents and/or a child’s guardians are responsible for training and disciplining kids. However, parents hold different views regarding to instilling discipline in their young ones. Some parents support the biblical model which accepts corporal punishment: In the Bible, it is recoded that â€Å"the rod and reproof give wisdom, but a child left to himself brings shame to his mother†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ discipline your son, and he will give you rest; he will give delight to your heart† (The Bible, 1984, p. 461). This paper discusses the Christian view on corporal punishment as compared to the secular views. The paper will also attempt to investigate contemporary societal influences in regard to disciplining of the child. Although the justification for the practice lies in the realm of the religion (Christianity in this matter), perpe tuators of the practice is a matter which concerns the public policy; therefore, concerns the legislative and the courts. Reasons for Punishment Corporal punishment as defined above is a form of punishment intended to cause a certain degree of discomfort and pain to a child with the aim of disciplining and correcting a child. The pain can be inflicted using various means, including hitting the child with a rod, kicking, shaking, pinching, pulling and whipping. In some countries, the child may be forced to stand in the sun for hours (Save the Child, 2003). Children can be punished for varying reasons, including minor disorderliness such as chewing gum in class, talking back to a teacher, sleeping during lesson time, and school dress code violation among others. Fox (2003) classified the misbehavior into levels starting with level I, which included indiscipline such as failure to complete assignments, disturbances in the classrooms, and lateness.Advertising Looking for research p aper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Level II is the acute misbehavior which includes all behaviors whose degree of seriousness tends to distract peaceful environment. Some of the indiscipline categorized in this level includes dishonesty, truancy and disrespect to a teacher or a staff. Others would include failure to abide to the corrective measures, extortion, vandalism and or physical/verbal altercation. Last category is the level III which is called expulsive misbehavior. This level of muddled state includes continuation of the previous described acute misbehavior in level II. Others may include possession of drugs or distribution of drugs, admitted in various acts of sexual activity, possession or use of weapons. More so, involvement in absurd activities such as setting fires, bomb threats or even posing threats to the staff or the colleagues (Fox, 2003). Definitely, such disorderliness will require the child to be guided towards the best pathway. The main question here is, is inflicting pain to the child’s body the main solution? Are there alternatives to corporal punishment? If allowed, to what extent should it be practiced? This paper intends to configure answers to the above matter and in establishing the way forward in regard to child’s corporal punishment. Research done has indicated that there is significant damage on children as their parents continuously try to manage their disorderliness. Several injuries arising from the corporal punishment have been reported with some resulting to permanent damage and others to death. Some of the reported cases have included reports on broken limbs, damaged body organs such as the eye. Other findings indicate a correlation between corporal punishment and depression. Others show low self-esteem, negative psychological adjustment and poor relations. However, the most unintended message to the kid is that violence is an acceptable be havior and is the only way a stronger force coerces a weaker party to attain one’s desire. More so, corporal punishment is associated to the increase rate of dropping out of school. For example, 14% of Nepalese interviewed said their reasons to drop out of school were because they feared their teachers (Save the Child, 2003). Christian view to Corporal Punishment Corporal punishment in the schools and homes is administered by a grown up (a teacher or a parent) using a cane to strike a child. It is a form of corrective measure based on belief and assumptions that this is the best way to deter the inappropriate behavior of the child (Save the Child, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Child’s Corporal Punishment: Christian vs. Secular Discipline specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The support of this approach of instilling discipline lies squarely in the Bible. There is ample support for bea ting children from the Bible. The Bible is the most influential and enduring source of support for physical punishment and for disciplining of kids. The most frequently cited scriptural references are in the Book of proverbs. Reports from Christian parent’s network argued that it is the parent’s solo responsibility to ensure that a child is disciplined while still young (Anon, 2004). This is reinforced by what is recorded in the Bible: â€Å"he who spares the rod hate his son, but those who love him are diligent to discipline him† (The Bible, 1984, p. 449) Such institutions urge the parents to punish their sons by causing pain but should not leave marks. Parents should ignore their concerns about hurting their kids. Some Christians argue that God has put the rod as a test of the parents’ loyalty to him. At times it has been noted that parents avoid spanking a children to avoid the more heart rending and wailing of the child which often begins even before hurting the kid (Anon, 2004). The Bible cautions against such a behavior from the parents and instead gives the following advice, â€Å"do not withhold discipline from a child, if you beat him with a rod he will not die, if you beat them with the rod you will save his life from Sheol† (The Bible, 1984, p. 457). Christian Network report further explained that most of the parents fear hitting their child due to the state child protective services which according to them are hostile to Biblical parenting and often mock the values of the traditions’ moral upbringing. However, it has also been noted that Christians fear God and would rather obey him rather than fear the state agents (Anon, 2004). This is emphasized by the following verses in the Bible: Proverbs 22:15 â€Å"folly is bound in the heart of a child, but the rod discipline drives it far from him† (The Bible, 1984, p. 456); Proverbs 22:6, â€Å"train up a child in the way he should go and when is old he w ill not depart from it† (The Bible, 1984, p. 456) and; Proverbs 29:15,17 â€Å" the rod and reproof give wisdom , but a child left to himself brings shame to his mother†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ discipline your son and he will give you rest; he will give delight to your heart† (The Bible, 1984, p. 461) As Peterson (2008) explained, the verses were attributed to Solomon. The verses are consistent with God’s punishment to his people whenever they strayed. He further argues that if God demanded human sacrifice by Abraham of his son; would He hesitate to endorse physical punishment for disorderliness.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this point of view, parent-child relationship imitates that of God with his children. Corporal punishment advocates argues that if God, the perfect father would discipline His beloved children, then it is of our best to save the children by dealing with the same approach. This implies that children are totally expected to surrender to the adults (Peterson, 2008). However, in the New Testament, there is no place where Jesus in the New Testament does he support the use of a rod to discipline a child. When he touched upon this issue, he expressed a different attitude toward children instead of the use of physical punishment: â€Å"but whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to sin, it would be better for him to have a great milestone fastened around his neck to be drowned in depth of the sea† (The Bible, 1984, p. 683). Some parts of the New Testament also connotes to the physical punishment, for instance, in the book of Hebrews, the following was recorded in regard to discipline: â€Å"my sons do not regard lightly the discipline of the lord nor loose courage when you are punished by him for the lord disciplines whom he loves and chastises every son whom he receives† (The Bible, 1984, p. 835). However, the New Gospel brought by Jesus never advocated for hitting of child in any occasion or for any reason. Corporal punishment is contrary to his teaching. His disciple, Paul, also echoed his perspective on a child’s punishment and expressed his love and compassion for children. This was recorded in the book of Ephesians: Children obey your parents in Lord for this is right. Honor your father and mother for this is the first commandment with a promise†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and fathers do not provoke your children to anger but bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord. (The Bible, 1984, p. 813) According to Paul, there is a need for nurturing and caring approach in guiding their children from misdeeds. Jesus rejected the old practice of corporal punishment, which was endorsed in the Old Testament and favored the compassionate and caring approach in correcting the children. Jesus came with new gospel from his God. The gospel had evolved to embrace God, who loved his children and by grace forgives his children for their mistakes. His teachings were that of God, who forgives freely and welcomes the prodigal son, one who make sun shine to just and unjust and for only love, trust and cooperative obedience (Peterson, 2008). With this opinion, most churches oppose corporal punishment. For instance, petition number 41037 adopted at the United Methodist Church General conference in 2004 arguing that corporal punishment was humiliating and a degrading event to children and would at times result to injuries. They also argued that corporal punishment is often used in poor children and in minorities as well with those who had disability. They opt for alternative methods for correcting children to encourage p ositive behavior without necessarily inflicting pain to kids. They also petitioned corporal punishment by parents’ and caretakers’ number 41038-CS-R9999, which echoed the previous described (Anon, 2004). Secular Discipline Regarding Corporal Punishment Activists on Corporal punishment have been linked with psychological problems such as low esteem, humiliation and depression, which are harmful to a kid’s health. Some of the data estimating the prevalence of the corporal punishment include surveys in Barbados in 1989 shows that 70% of parents approved for corporal punishment and of these 76% were endorsed beating children using belts or straps. Investigations in 1996 on Egypt showed that a third of the children in that nation were disciplined by beating with straps with a quarter of the reported cases having injuries. Korea’s survey by Child Protection association in the 1980s 97% of the kids in the entire nations had experienced corporal punishment. Kuwai t’s investigations in 1996 indicated 54% of parents having severely punished their children with 9% going to an extent of burning the child. Pakistan’s 1998 investigations showed that 600 primary school teachers of North West province had over 70 reports of serious injury, which arose from corporal punishment incidences. UK studies in 1990s findings showed that three-quarters of the sample parents representatives admitting of spanking their kids below the age of one year with large sample which admitted that they frequently hit their kids. The most-recent investigations are those by UNICEF across 35 countries in Europe and Central Asia in 2001. 60% of the sampled kids reported violence and aggressiveness within their families. Clearly, corporal punishment is a severe problem in the entire world (End Corporal Punishment, 2009). However, the data may be underrepresented because the cases are underreported, and it is extremely hard to obtained information from the young o nes. Anecdotal evidence indicated that corporal punishment is practiced everywhere in the society and that in the world, there are millions of children undergoing corporal punishment from those under their care. The punishment is inflicted everywhere, at home, in schools, detention and work places (Save the Child, 2003). A total of 193 countries, including council of Europe member states have ratified and have committed themselves towards respecting the United Nations Convection on the human rights of the Child. Activists such as save the child oppose all forms of corporal punishment to the kids. Evidently, corporal punishment affects and impacts on the Childs health. More so, according to human rights, hitting a child breaches human rights in respect to person’s dignity, physical integrity and equal protection from the law. The UN Convention on the rights of the Child (UNCRC) is one of the non-governmental organizations, which protects the child from all forms of physical vi olence and from any form of punishment and other such like degrading treatment (Article 37). Article 28 protects the child form dropping out of school due to corporal punishment. Activists encourage States and Governments to explicitly prohibit all corporal punishment of children and ensuring all legal procedures violators have been appropriately implemented. Article 19 of the convention on the rights of Child protects the child from every form of physical or mental violence. Global initiative makes its responsibility to support all actions which will fulfill the shields right to protection from corporal punishment. The initiative was launched in Geneva in 2001 with the aim of acting as a catalyst to encourage more action and progress towards abolishing corporal punishment in the world. The organization’s aims are to forge alliance with human rights agencies and other key organizations to make corporal punishment visible in the global village. The organizations are also dedic ated in promoting awareness in raising child’s rights to protection and for public education and use of no-violent forms of discipline (End Corporal Punishment, 2009). However, abolishing of corporal punishment has progressed. Actually, by 2001, 10 states had abolished corporal punishment of children. Today, corporal punishment is prohibited in schools and in penal systems in almost more than a half of the world’s countries. These states include Ethiopia, Korea, South Africa, Sri-Lanka, Thailand and Zimbabwe (End Corporal Punishment, 2003). Evidently, physical punishment occurs in various settings, including homes schools and residential institutions. Despite the fact that most states have laws, which prohibit child cruelty, they have not interpreted corporal punishment in all settings. Most state shave adopted the UN convention rights on child and conventions forms part of domestic law, but it is inadequate to ensure abolition in totality. More law reforms are require d to abolish existing justifications, which can deter assaults’ laws from applying equal assaults to the children. Every country henceforth needs to send a clear message to the entire society that it is more crime to hit a child than anyone else (End Corporal Punishment, 2009). A child is a humble being who is trying to understand their cruelty of the nature earth. Instead of physical punishment when they do wrong, a parent or care taker should try to understand the reason behind the resilience. A child needs a parent or care taker who will nurture them with love and security. They should be guided in a structural manner. This may include adhering to standards of appropriate behavior and in designating the disorderliness. This should be coupled by the good role model from their parents (Clinton Sibcy, 2006). The kids are delicate beings and need boundaries and consistent guidance for their security and for the development of long-term values. More so, children main interest is to be recognized, seen, heard and valued as grown ups. Parents are encouraged to show them they are interested in them, especially in their daily activities. Lastly, the child should remain empowered. To help the kids learn the good morals, care taker and parents can give a regular attention and advice for the kids at all age. In doing so, they help the children understand the consequences of their actions. Lastly, the parent is obliged to behave orderly and appropriately and demonstrate the best way of resolving their conflicts constructively (End Corporal Punishment, 2009). Conclusion Parents are responsible for the training and the disciplining their children. It is evident that most of the Christians today oppose corporal punishment. Therefore, it is everybody’s duty to ensure that a child at your vicinity is protected through discussions, counseling and prayers. This should be administered by the parent or care taker in loving and caring manner under emotional control . References Anon. (2004). Child health care is a legal duty Inc. Child Health Care.  Web. Clinton, T., Sibcy, G. (2006). Loving your child too much: Staying close to your kids without overprotecting, overindulging or over controlling. Nashville, TN: Integrity Publishers. Cloud, H., Townsend, J. (2001). Boundaries with kids. Grand Rapids, NI: Zondervan. End Corporal Punishment. (2003). Hitting people is wrong- and children are people too: A practical hand book for organizations and institutions challenging corporal punishment of children. UNICEF Publication. Web. End Corporal Punishment. (2009). Prohibiting corporal punishment of children: A legal reform and other measures. Global Initiative to End all Corporal Punishment of Children. Web. Fox, R. (2003). Discipline means discipleship: Black hills Christian academy discipline policy. Intervarsity Christian Fellowship. Web. Peterson, J. (2008). Spare the rod-save the child. Methodist Theological School in Ohio. Web. Save the Chil d. (2003). Corporal Punishment. International Save the Children Alliance Position on Corporal punishment.  Web. The Bible. (1984). The Holy Bible; New International Version. New York, NY: The Bible Society. This research paper on Child’s Corporal Punishment: Christian vs. Secular Discipline was written and submitted by user Cheyanne Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Germanium Facts (Atomic Number 32 or Ge)

Germanium Facts (Atomic Number 32 or Ge) Gemanium is a shiny grayish-white metalloid with a metallic appearance. The element is best known for its use in semiconductors. Here is a collection of useful and interesting germanium element facts. Germanium  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 32 Symbol: Ge Atomic Weight: 72.61 Discovery: Clemens Winkler 1886 (Germany) Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p2 Word Origin: Latin Germania: Germany Properties: Germanium has a melting point of 937.4 °C, boiling point of 2830 °C, specific gravity of 5.323 (25 ° C), with valences of 2 and 4. In pure form, the element is a grayish white metalloid. It is crystalline and brittle and retains its luster in air. Germanium and its oxide are transparent to infrared light. Uses: Germanium is an important semiconductor material. It is commonly doped with arsenic or gallium at the level of one part per 1010 for electronics. Germanium is also used as an alloying agent, a catalyst, and as a phosphor for fluorescent lamps. The element and its oxide are used in highly sensitive infrared detectors and other optical devices. The high index of refraction and dispersion of germanium oxide has led to its use in glasses for use in microscope and camera lenses. Organic germanium compounds have a relatively low toxicity to mammals, but are lethal to certain bacteria, giving these compounds potential medical importance. Sources: Germanium may be separated from metals by fractional distillation of volatile germanium tetrachloride, which is then hydrolyzed to yield GeO2. The dioxide is reduced with hydrogen to give the element. Zone refining techniques allow for the production of ultra-pure germanium. Germanium is found in argyrodite (a sulfide of germanium and silver), in germanite (composed of about 8% of the element), in coal, in zinc ores, and other minerals. The element may be commercially prepared from the flue dusts of smelters processing zinc ores or from the by-products of the combustion of certain coals. Element Classification: Semimetallic  (Metalloid) Germanium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 5.323 Melting Point (K): 1210.6 Boiling Point (K): 3103 Appearance: grayish-white metal Isotopes: There are 30 known isotopes of germanium ranging from Ge-60 to Ge-89. There are five stable isotopes: Ge-70 (20.37% abundance), Ge-72 (27.31% abundance), Ge-73 (7.76% abundance), Ge-74 (36.73% abundance) and Ge-76 (7.83% abundance). Atomic Radius (pm): 137 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 13.6 Covalent Radius (pm): 122 Ionic Radius: 53 (4e) 73 (2e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.322 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 36.8 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 328 Debye Temperature (K): 360.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 2.01 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 760.0 Oxidation States: 4 is the most common. 1, 2 and -4 exist but are rare. Lattice Structure: Diagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 5.660 CAS Registry Number: 7440-56-4 Germanium Trivia Winklers original name for germanium was Neptunium. Like germanium, the planet Neptune had recently been discovered from predictions from mathematical data.The discovery of germanium filled a spot predicted by Mendeleevs periodic table. Germanium took the place of the placeholder element eka-silicon.Mendeleev predicted eka-silicons physical properties based on its position in the periodic table. He said its atomic mass would be 72.64 (real value: 72.61), density would be 5.5 g/cm3 (real value: 5.32 g/cm3), high melting point (real value: 1210.6 K) and would have a gray appearance (real appearance: grayish-white). The closeness of germaniums physical properties to predicted values of eka-silicon were important to confirm Mendeleevs theories of periodicity.There was little use for germanium prior to the discovery of its semiconductor properties after World War II. Germanium production went from a few hundred kilograms per year to a hundred metric tonnes a year.Early semiconductor compo nents were mostly made from germanium until ultra-pure silicon became available commercially in the late 1950s. The oxide of germanium (GeO2) is sometimes called germania. It is widely used in optical equipment and fiber optics. It is also used as a catalyst in the production of polyethylene terephthalate or PET plastic. Germanium Fast Facts Element Name: GermaniumElement Symbol: GeAtomic Number: 32Atomic Weight: 72.6308Appearance: Grayish-white hard solid with a metallic lusterGroup: Group 14 (Carbon Group)Period: Period 4Discovery: Clemens Winkler (1886) Sources Gerber, G. B.; Là ©onard, A. (1997). Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of germanium compounds. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 387 (3): 141–146. doi:10.1016/S1383-5742(97)00034-3Frenzel, Max; Ketris, Marina P.; Gutzmer, Jens (2013-12-29). On the geological availability of germanium. Mineralium Deposita. 49 (4): 471–486. doi:10.1007/s00126-013-0506-zWeast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.Winkler, Clemens (1887). Germanium, Ge, a New Nonmetal Element. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (in German). 19 (1): 210–211. doi:10.1002/cber.18860190156

Governance, Regulation and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Governance, Regulation and Ethics - Essay Example Fox quickly gets used to rape, murder and follow no ethical principles. Finally, going up a career ladder turns into a destructive downfall of Bud Fox. A voice of clear mind and wisdom is echoed in his ears sometimes†¦this is a voice of his father, an ordinary airline mechanic. This film is often characterized as a symbolic embodiment of political and economic situation of those years. Gordon Gekko’s character depicted by Douglas is a collective image of moral degradation drowned in corruption of the majority of businessmen and politicians. It is generally accepted that greed is considered to be a perfect theme for discussion in filmmaking industry. This kind of discussion appeals to the inner world of the viewers and shows what ‘good’ is and what ‘evil’ is in the world. In 90s stock market made people insane. They would risk their reputations and lives for profits. Financial conditions of America perfectly depicted in the Wall Street movie predi cted financial collapse of stock market in some years. The director of the film Oliver Stone shows an ethical lesson to his viewers: an improper attention to the details of business in stock market may result in the market collapse. Authorities didn’t care much about the process of business doing they were focused on potential benefits and profits and neglected procedures of daily routine in the market of shares (Ross, 2005). Ethical issues are neglected by Bud Fox as well. His consciousness is concealed from moral or ethical considerations. He is interested in monetary profits only. On the example of the main characters’ behaviors (Gekko and Fox) the director shows that they didn’t have right to behave in such a way and neglect generally accepted moral and ethical norms and rules (Wall Street Movies Hit Big Screen, 2010). Corporate America has a dark side drowned in corruption and ethical neglect (Geisst 1999, p. 23; Jordan, 2003). The main characters are drive n by Machiavelli’s claim that the end justifies the means. This great ancient philosopher justified the actions of the authorities in the name of their reached goals. But Machiavelli’s claim if not misinterpreted should be followed by any ruler. It should be explained in the following way: the end justifies the means, i.e. there is no need to stop before obstacles in order to reach success. Thus moral degradation and ethical neglect of the main characters would be hardly justified by Machiavelli. If to consider law breach of main characters from the perspective of legal regulations, their behavior may be considered from criminal liability regulations assigned to corporations, such as The  Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977  (FCPA) developed in USA and UK Bribery Act (2010). The former document deals with two main claims of the document such as accounting transparency requirements and a point concerning bribery  of  foreign officials (Differences between corp orate offences regulations). Starting from 2010 UK has updated these regulations and introduced stricter regulations for international companies or UK companies acting in the international arena. The UK Act extends the limits of criminal liability to senior officers of a company in case there are offences of regulatory or criminal nature (Differences between corporate offences regulations). Moreover, criminal liability applied for companies may be clarified by Companies Act 1967. In accordance with this Act, company may be responsible for financial, labor or